Contents

Preface

DO MEMORY CD4 T CELLS KEEP THEIR CELL-TYPE PROGRAMMING: PLASTICITY VERSUS FATE COMMITMENT?

Epigenome: A Dynamic Vehicle for Transmitting and Recording Cytokine Signaling

John L. Johnson and Golnaz Vahedi

T-Cell Heterogeneity Plasticity and Selection in Humans

Federica Sallusto, Antonino Cassotta, Daniel Hoces, Mathilde Foglierini, and Antonio Lanzavecchia

Complexities of Interpretation due to the Heterogeneity of Memory CD4 T Cells, Including T Follicular Helper Cells

Shane Crotty

WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY LIMITATIONS IN B-CELL AFFINITY MATURATION, AND HOW MUCH AFFINITY MATURATION CAN WE DRIVE WITH VACCINATION?

A Role for Antibody Feedback

Kai-Michael Toellner, Daniel M.-Y. Sze, and Yang Zhang

Is Affinity Maturation a Self-Defeating Process for Eliciting Broad Protection?

Christopher T. Stamper and Patrick C. Wilson

Lessons from the Antibody Response to HIV-1

Gabriel D. Victora and Hugo Mouquet

Breaking through Immunity’s Glass Ceiling

Garnett Kelsoe and Barton F. Haynes

WHICH DENGUE VACCINE APPROACH IS THE MOST PROMISING, AND SHOULD WE BE CONCERNED ABOUT ENHANCED DISEASE AFTER VACCINATION?

The Risks of Incomplete Immunity to Dengue Virus Revealed by Vaccination

Stephen S. Whitehead and Kanta Subbarao

The Path to a Dengue Vaccine: Learning from Human Natural Dengue Infection Studies and Vaccine Trials

Aravinda M. de Silva and Eva Harris

Questions Raised by the Development and Implementation of Dengue Vaccines: Example of the Sanofi Pasteur Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine

Bruno Guy

There Is Only One True Winner

Scott B. Halstead

The Challenges of a Dengue Vaccine

Gavin Screaton and Juthathip Mongkolsapaya

IS IT POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP CANCER VACCINES TO NEOANTIGENS, WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CHALLENGES, AND HOW CAN THESE BE OVERCOME?

Neoantigens: Nothing New in Spite of the Name

Olivera J. Finn and Hans-Georg Rammensee

Targeting the Right Antigens in the Right Patients

Stephen P. Schoenberger

Neoantigens as Vaccine Targets for Cancer

Haydn T. Kissick

IS IT POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP A “UNIVERSAL” INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE?

Potential Target Antigens and Critical Aspects for a Universal Influenza Vaccine

Florian Krammer, Adolfo García-Sastre, and Peter Palese

Outflanking Antibody Immunodominance on the Road to Universal Influenza Vaccination

Davide Angeletti and Jonathan W. Yewdell

Immunogenetic Considerations Underlying B-Cell Biology in the Development of a Pan-Subtype Influenza AVaccine Targeting the Hemagglutinin Stem

Sarah F. Andrews, Barney S. Graham, John R. Mascola, and Adrian B. McDermott

Potential fora Universal Influenza Vaccine

James E. Crowe, Jr.

DO THE MICROBIOTA INFLUENCE VACCINES AND PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO PATHOGENS?

Engaging Our Endogenous Adjuvants

Nicholas Collins and Yasmine Belkaid

If So, Is There Potential for Efficacious Microbiota-Based Vaccines?

Dan R. Littman

Issues of Sovereignty, Federalism, and Points-Testing in the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Spaces of the Host-Microbial Superorganism

Andrew J. Macpherson

DO MEMORY B CELLS FORM SECONDARY GERMINAL CENTERS?

Impact of Antibody Class and Quality of Memory T-Cell Help at Recall

Louise J. McHeyzer-Williams, Chad Dufaud, and Michael G. McHeyzer-Williams

It Depends

Kathryn A. Pape and Marc K. Jenkins

Yes and No

Mark J. Shlomchik

WILL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY DELIVER ITS PROMISE AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW OR IMPROVED VACCINES?

Seeing the Forest Rather than a Few Trees

Mark M. Davis and Cristina M. Tato

From Data to Understanding through Systems Biology

Thomas Hagan and Bali Pulendran

Systems Biology Views of Vaccine Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Rino Rappuoli, Emilio Siena, and Oretta Finco

What Really Constitutes the Study of “Systems Biology” and How Might Such an Approach Facilitate Vaccine Design

Ronald N. Germain

WHAT IS THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF ANIMAL MODELS FOR VACCINE EFFICACY IN HUMANS?

The Importance of Bridging Studies and Species-Independent Correlates of Protection

Hana Golding, Surender Khurana, and Marina Zaitseva

Reevaluating the Potential of Mouse Models for the Human Immune System

Stephen C. Jameson and David Masopust

Rigorous Simian Immunodefiency Virus Vaccine Trials Can Be Instructive

Mauricio A. Martins and David I. Watkins

Consideration of Strategies to Improve the Value of Animal Models

Ramin Sedaghat Herati and E. John Wherry

IS A HUMAN CD8 T-CELL VACCINE POSSIBLE, AND IF SO, WHAT WOULD IT TAKE?

CD8 T-Cell Vaccines: To B or Not to B?

Lallt K. Beura, Stephen C. Jameson, and David Masopust

Could a CD8⁺ T-Cell Vaccine Prevent Persistent HIV Infection?

Andrew J. McMichael

CD8 T-Cell-Mediated Protective Immunity and Vaccination against Enteric Bacteria

Marcelo B. Sztein

WHAT IS WRONG WITH PERTUSSIS VACCINE IMMUNITY?

The Problem of Waning Effectiveness of Pertussis Vaccines

Nicolas Burdin, Lori Kestenbaum Handy, and Stanley A. Plotkin

Why Immunological Memory to Pertussis Is Failing

Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos and Kathryn Margaret Edwards

Inducing and Recalling Vaccine-Specific Immunity

Christiane S. Eberhardt and Claire-Anne Siegrist

WHAT ARE THE MOST POWERFUL IMMUNOGEN DESIGN VACCINE STRATEGIES?

A Structural Biologist’s Perspective

Peter D. Kwong

Reverse Vaccinology 2.0 Shows Great Promise

Dennis R. Burton

IS THERE NATURAL KILLER CELL MEMORY AND CAN IT BE HARNESSED BY VACCINATION?

Natural Killer Cells in Vaccination

Harold R. Neely, Irina B. Mazo, Carmen Gerlach, and Ulrich H. von Andrian

Vaccination Strategies Based on NK Cell and ILC Memory

Megan A. Cooper, Todd A. Fehniger, and Marco Colonna

NK Cell Memory and Immunization Strategies against Infectious Diseases and Cancer

Joseph C. Sun and Lewis L. Lanier

Can Natural Killer and CD8 T Cells Switch Jobs?

Christine A. Biron and Marcus Altfeld

Index